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- <text id=89TT1700>
- <title>
- July 03, 1989: Disorders Of Memory
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- July 03, 1989 Great Ball Of Fire:Angry Sun
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 74
- Disorders of Memory
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Charles Krauthammer
- </p>
- <p> Washington is in the grip of a memorial epidemic. The
- success of the Vietnam Memorial has spawned demand for more.
- Memorials are in progress to Korean War vets, to black
- Revolutionary War patriots, to women in military service, to
- law-enforcement heroes, to women in Vietnam, to Francis Scott
- Key, to Kahlil Gibran (!). The hunger for memory etched in
- stone is exactly what one would expect from a culture that,
- having just now transcended paper and entered the radically
- ephemeral world of video, finds itself living in an ever moving
- pastless present.
- </p>
- <p> The first casualty is memory. Every advance in writing, from
- stone to clay to paper to electronic blips, is at the same time
- an advance in erasing. In the electronic age erasing has become
- literally effortless: it takes an act of commission -- you must
- command your computer to SAVE -- to retain information. Simple
- omission, or an electrical storm, turns computer thoughts to
- ether.
- </p>
- <p> The ultimate instrument for forgetting is television. It is
- inherent in the medium. The flickering image is impossible to
- retain. Who remembers the once ubiquitous Mike Douglas? Frank
- Reynolds? Michael Dukakis? Pastlessness is inherent in video,
- with its fast cuts and dissolving shots and rerecord button,
- with its moving tape forever recording a vanishing now. For a
- television society, every day is Today, This Morning and
- Tonight. Television life is a rolling present relieved only by
- commercial breaks.
- </p>
- <p> "To live in the present is like proposing to sit on a pin,"
- wrote Chesterton. Science makes a more severe judgment. It calls
- living in the present psychotic. Not happy-go-lucky,
- devil-may-care living in the present, but the real thing. Some
- individuals by reason of accident or disease (generally
- alcoholism) suffer from what is called Korsakoff's psychosis:
- they have no memory. Not that they have forgotten their ancient
- childhood memories. They often retain these. But they have lost
- entirely the capacity to establish new memories. Everything
- they see, everything they hear, everything they think, they
- forget within seconds. Introduce yourself to a Korsakoffian,
- leave the room, and return a minute later. He will have no
- recollection of you.
- </p>
- <p> Not surprisingly, the amnesic society behaves much like the
- amnesic individual. The Korsakoffian patient, for example, fills
- in his gaps with fiction. He makes up stories, often gigantic
- confabulations, to make historical ends meet. The video culture
- too fills in the gaps of real life with mountains of fiction.
- (The average American absorbs more make-believe drama in a year
- than his ancestors did in a lifetime.) And it ties history's
- loose ends with a form of fabrication it calls docudrama.
- </p>
- <p> The Korsakoffian, moreover, has trouble functioning. He is
- always getting things wrong. As modern industrial culture
- becomes more visual, its images more transient, it has a hard
- time learning. It too is constantly surprised. Take the shock
- with which news of the Chinese crackdown on the democracy
- movement was received. Given Communism's 70-year history,
- marked by repeated reigns of repressive terror, only a
- forgetting culture could have been so taken by surprise. The
- week after the Tiananmen massacre, Hungary, which has a harder
- time forgetting, staged a moving reburial of the men executed
- for leading the 1956 rebellion. The commemoration reminded us
- that Western Communism in its 40th year produced precisely the
- same atrocity -- freedom crushed with tanks and terror -- that
- Eastern Communism is producing in this, its 40th year.
- </p>
- <p> But amnesia, the disorder of advanced electronic societies,
- is not the only possible derangement of national memory. There
- are cultures that remember nothing and cultures that forget
- nothing. Forgetting nothing might be worse. Remembering nothing
- produces a mere mindless, stumbling insouciance. Forgetting
- nothing produces paralysis and death.
- </p>
- <p> Beirut's warring factions, for example, have a prodigious
- capacity for remembering injury. So too the Northern Irish,
- whose Protestants celebrate the Battle of the Boyne -- next
- year is the 300th anniversary -- as if it took place yesterday.
- The inability to forget, to let the slate be wiped clean,
- freezes societies in anachronism and turns blood feuds into
- endless civil war.
- </p>
- <p> It is because the inability to relinquish the past can
- produce such horror that memory -- what place, what price, what
- power to give it -- is a central question in the great
- historical transition from dictatorship to democracy. All the
- new Latin democracies, for example, are emerging from periods of
- brutal dictatorship. What to do with this past? Uruguay chose,
- by referendum, a forgetting. It voted to let the brutalities of
- military rule be bygone. Argentina did the opposite. It
- prosecuted those who gave the orders for torture and execution.
- The Argentine experience, however, with its semiannual military
- revolts and its reversion to Peronism, seems an argument against
- too much remembering.
- </p>
- <p> Too much remembering. In Funes, the Memorious, Jorge Luis
- Borges tells the story of a man who suddenly gains the ability
- to remember every iota of information he has ever apprehended.
- Every vein of every leaf of every tree, every formation of
- every cloud in every sky at every instant of his life he sees.
- An avalanche of knowing renders him inaccessible, mystical and
- finally defeated. Funes dies young. No mind can apprehend God's
- work, or man's, in all its detail and survive. Forgetting, for
- men as for nations, is a biological necessity, like sleep, a
- respite from consciousness.
- </p>
- <p> We children of the electronic age, however, suffer
- differently. Forgetting is all we do. We so feel ourselves
- forgetting that we contrive monuments of stone -- to vets, to
- cops, to Kahlil Gibran, to whomever -- to anchor ourselves in
- time. That which is written in stone endures, we figure. If the
- Ten Commandments were given today, they would be flashed on the
- great Diamond Vision screen at Yankee Stadium, and by sunup not a
- soul would remember.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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